Modern Chemistry
1673
Robert Boyle (1627-1691) is sometimes called the father of modern chemistry because he took a new approach to chemistry. He boldly suggested new theories based on experimentation and observation. He rejected the alchemical concept of the four elements-- air, fire, water and earth. He also continued to believe in transmutation, the very essence of alchemy. In this way he can be seen as a man who bridged a time of change in the chemical sciences.

Illustration from:
Essays of the Strange Subtilty, Determinate Nature, Great Efficacy of Effluviums, by Robert Boyle in 1673. It was published in London by W. G. for M. Pitt.